![\"\"](\"https:\/\/msa.edu.eg\/msauniversity\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dental-Research-Lab.jpg\")
\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/h3><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a<\/strong>. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 (Composites)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 (Ceramics)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Biomaterials)<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649.<\/p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/h3><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (Pathology)<\/strong> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (Histology)<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627:<\/strong> <\/h3><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635.<\/p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 (Surgical Pathology):<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a (Biopsy)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627:<\/strong> <\/h3><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t
\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p> \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a<\/strong>. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 (Composites)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 (Ceramics)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Biomaterials)<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649.<\/p> \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (Pathology)<\/strong> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (Histology)<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635.<\/p> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 (Surgical Pathology):<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a (Biopsy)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/h3><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627:<\/strong> <\/h3><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627:<\/strong> <\/h3><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t