Events of Faculty of Mass Communication - MSA University
Tuesday, 19 March 2024 15:11

Happy Mother's Day

 

On Wednesday March 20th 2024 at 12:00 PM @Cinema Hall in SSB Building

 

Celebrating Mother's Day!

 

Join us for the annual celebration at the College of Media for Mother's Day, which will also include an awareness seminar presented by Bahia Hospital's Psychological Support Management, featuring a cancer survivor.

 

We look forward to meet you there!

Thursday, 07 March 2024 09:34

Imagination is the beginning of creation

 

On Thursday March 7th 2024 12:00 PM to 2:00 PM @Corridor B148

 

"Imagination is the beginning of creation." - George Bernard Shaw

 

The Faculty of Mass Communication is delightfully inviting you to join its new tradition 'DESIGN HUB EXHIBITION' which will showcase the creative work of our students in the courses "Electronic Publishing MCOM102," "Principles of Design MCOM104," and "MCOM226 Advertising Workshop."

 

This exhibition is under the supervision of Dr. Hanan Atef, Ms. Habiba El Sherbini, and Mr. Islam Asaad.

 

 

On Monday March 4th 2024 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM Cinema Hall in SSB Building

 

An excellent opportunity to learn effective communication skills with different personality types!

 

Join us for a workshop, organized by the faculty of Mass Communication, presented by Major General/ Ashraf Mazhar - Lecturer at Nasser Military Academy on "Communication Skills with Different Personality Types and Cultures", where we will discuss how to interact with various personality types and enhance your communication skills with family, friends, and colleagues in different daily contexts.

 

We look forward to your attendance and participation!

 

Monday, 19 February 2024 11:20

Palestine Between Reality and Future

 

On Tuesday 20th of February 2024 From 11:00 Am to 12:30 Pm @ Building M Room M404

 

Join us in the session organized by the Faculty of Mass Communication entitled "Palestine Between Reality and Future," presented by Dr. Ahmed Youssef - Professor of Political Science at the Faculty of Economics and Political Science and former director of the Institute of Arab Research and Studies affiliated with the Arab Organization for Education, Culture, and Science. The session will discuss the dimensions of the Palestinian issue and its variables on the international scene at the present moment, as well as the impact of the events of the recent war on Gaza and its effect on the future of the Palestinian issue on both the Arab and international stages.

Saturday, 23 September 2023 10:30

The 9th Media Conference (ACT)

 

From 25 to 26 November 2023.

 

The ninth annual conference hosted by the Faculty of Mass Communication at MSA University explores the effects of digital media on social inclusion. As digital platforms offer both opportunities and challenges for social integration, this event examines the impact of digital media on social, political, and economic dimensions of integration. By aligning with Egypt's National Vision 2030 and the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, this conference aims to foster discussion around strategies for reinforcing inclusion and expanding participation in the digital age.

Saturday, 23 September 2023 10:30

50 Years Baheya

 

On Monday 2nd of October 2023 11:00 AM to 1:00 PM @SSB Cinema Hall

 

Fifty years on the victory of our heroes in the 6th of October War...

 

The Faculty of Mass Communication at MSA University is honoured to invite you to attend a panel discussion titled 'October on the Egyptian Screen' as part of the faculty's celebration of its students' graduation projects under the theme '50 Years Baheya' which aims to shed light on artistic and cultural production, in conjunction with the golden jubilee celebrations of the glorious October victories. The event will take place on Monday, October 2, 2023, at 11:00 AM, in the Cinema Hall of the Student Services Building (SSB).

 

We look forward to seeing you at this exceptional event!

Sunday, 20 August 2023 12:22

Metaverse: A New Era for Journalism

 

On Wednesday 23rd of August 2023 at 11:00 Am At MSA Campus - SSB

 

Get ready for an insightful journey into the future of Journalism with our upcoming session: "Metaverse: A New Era for Journalism"!

 

Following the success of our previous open-eye session, the Faculty of Mass Communication is excited to present part two of the series on the emergence of new technologies in Mass Media. This session will be given by the guest speaker Mr. Khaled Ammar, the visionary founder of the virtual media project in Egypt. Moreover, this session promises to be enlightening and inspiring for everyone interested in the evolving landscape of Journalism.

 

About the Guest Speaker

 

  • Khaled Ammar, founder of the Virtual Media Project and consultant at the International Journalists' Network in Washington.
  • Lecturer and trainer in Virtual Media at several universities.
  • Established the first virtual studio in the Metaverse for the newspaper "Al-Watan" and for prominent Egyptian channels, including CBC, DMC, and CBC Extra. Live interviews and virtual tours around the world were broadcasted from these platforms, marking a historic milestone in Egyptian media.
Wednesday, 19 April 2023 13:32

The Sixth annual book fair

 

From the 2nd to the 9th of May 2023 at the Roman Theatre

 

The MSA Writers Association, in cooperation with the Faculty of Mass Communication at MSA University, announces the launch of the sixth annual book fair with the participation of the country of honour “Malaysia”, which will be held from the 2nd to the 9th of May, 2023 at the Roman Theatre.

 

The fair includes a special pavilion for Al-Azbekiya and Al-Moez Street, as well as a distinguished program that includes a number of workshops:

 

On Monday 13th of March 2023@ 12:30 pm @ SSB - Cinema Hall

The Faculty of Mass Communication would like to invite you for a session entitled “Metaverse a New Era for Mass Media: Meta-Tut the first Egyptian Virtual City” which will host Dr. Sherif Khalifa, Lecturer in the Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University and the Scientific consultant of the Tutera City project. Also, the session will host Dr. Ahmed Bahaa, Director of Microsoft and a group of Faculty members from the Faculties of Engineering and Computer Science.

 

 

On Thursday 8th of December 2022 At 12:30 PM In the SSB Cinema Hall

The Advertising and Public Relations Department at the Faculty of Mass Communication is inviting the 3rd and 4th year students to attend the marvelous session entitled "What it takes to work in the advertising profession?" which will be given by the media expert Mr. Amr Nada, the Managing Director of Leap Communications advertising agency.

 

On Monday & Tuesday 28th-29th of November 2022

The Faculty of Mass Communication at October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA University) is conducting the 8th ACT Conference entitled " Media and Youth Empowerment" on the 28th and 29th of November, 2022. This conference comes within the framework of Egypt’s Vision 2030 and in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goals to support the role of digital and traditional media in empowering the youth socially, politically, economically and culturally.

 

Wednesday, 02 November 2022 11:51

Personalities & Strategies workshop

 

On Monday 7th of November 2022 at 12:30 PM @ SSB cinema hall

The Faculty of Mass Communication is inviting you to a cutting-edge workshop entitled "Personalities & Strategies" given by the certified life coach Ms. Esraa Zaki.

 

This session will make you discover your inner strength points and is very important for students and graduates who are about to join the job market.

Sunday, 30 October 2022 09:16

Financial inclusion Activities by MCOM

 

On Monday 31st of October 2022 at 10 AM @ Food court area

 

In line with the vision of Egypt 2030 for sustainable development, and the sustainable development goals under SDG Number 8: Decent work and economic growth, the Faculty of Mass Communication is inviting all MSA students to come and join Financial inclusion activities where you will all play games and receive money to save in electronic wallets that you can use in different ways.

 

 

On Thursday 3rd of November 2022 at 12:00 PM in the Conference Hall - Student Services Building (SSB).

 

Within the framework of His Excellency President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi’s keenness and his emphasis on the importance of the role of soft power in creating a society that is aware of the changes surrounding it, and is fully aware of the role of each of the sons of Egypt in achieving Egypt’s Vision 2030, The Faculty of Mass Communication at October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA University) has the honor to invite you to attend the Third Media Youth Forum entitled “Words Matter”.

 

 

On Monday October 17 2022 at 12.30 pm in the Student Services Building (SSB)

 

Within the framework of implementing MSA University's strategy in developing students' skills and linking academic knowledge with the requirements of the job market,,,

 

The MSA Writers Association, in cooperation with the Faculty of Mass Communication at October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), is organizing a symposium entitled “The Importance of Academic Study of Media in Content Creation”, by the presenter/ Aya Saleh, on Monday, October 17, 2022, at 12.30 pm in the Student Services Building (SSB),

 

Sunday, 11 September 2022 10:31

A Shadowing Day at E-Bank

 

On Tuesday 13th of September 2022From 5 PM till 9 PM @ E-Bank Head Office-78 South Teseen-New Cairo

 

MSA-STC "Students Training Committee" gladly offers a Shadowing Day at E-Bank for the faculties of Engineering, Languages, Management Sciences, and Mass Communications.

 

The Talent Acquisition (TA) Team will engage with the students in fruitful conversations about their goals, objectives and visions as well as take them through their career journeys, and share thoughts, experiences and lessons learned down the road.

 

Tuesday, 02 August 2022 12:07

Technology Acceptance Models

 

On Wednesday 10th of August 2022 @ 12 PM @ SSB Cinema Hall OR Online via Zoom

 

The Faculty of Mass Communication invites all to attend a session by Prof. Hesham Mesbah, Chair of Communication Department at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida.

 

The session entitled "Technology Acceptance Models: Applications in Structural Equation Modeling" will take place on Thursday 10th of August, 2022 at 12 PM.

 

 

On Sunday 5th and Monday 6th of June 2022 from 10 AM to 3 PM @ SSB & the Food Court Area

 

It’s time to bring sustainability into focus and take an action to zero in.

 

The Faculty of Mass Communication Faculty at October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA University) is honored to invite you to join its Zero Waste day to raise awareness about climate change and its most adverse effect on our social, economic and natural systems.

 

Sunday, 15 May 2022 13:10

Climate Change Awareness Day

 

On Monday 23rd May 2022 at 12.30 – 2.30 pm (Cairo Time) @ SSB or Online Via Zoom

There is no challenge that poses greater threat to future generations than climate change.

 

The Faculty of Mass Communication at MSA University is raising awareness on the occasion of Climate change.

 

Friday, 13 May 2022 21:40

AI in Media and Drama

 

On Monday 16th of May 2022 @ 12:30 pm @ SSB Hall

The Faculty of Mass Communication is honored to invite the academic staff members in all faculties of MSA University and the students to attend a session entitled “AI in Media and Drama” which will take place next Monday the 16th of May in SSB at 12:30 pm.

 

Tuesday, 22 March 2022 11:48

Star Awards Ceremony

 

On Monday 28th of March 2022 From 12:30 PM to 3:00 PM @ Student Services Building (SSB)

The Faculty of Mass Communication at MSA University invites all students and staff members to attend the Star Awards Ceremony for the graduation projects of students and graduates of the Faculty of Mass Communication, Broadcasting Department, which received the highest vote and viewership in the following categories:

 

  • Best Film (People's Choice).
  • Best Film (Jury Choice).
  • Best photography.
  • Best montage.
  • Best idea.
  • Best audio performance.

 

Monday, 21 March 2022 15:08

Personal Branding

 

On Wednesday 23rd of March 2022 @ 12:30 pm @ G102B

A personal brand is central to professional success.

 

The Faculty of Mass Communication at MSA University would like to invite all the university students to the marvelous, beneficial and creative event entitled “Personal Branding” given by the successful media practitioner Ms. Kariman El Helw, the Founder & CEO of OWL Marketing, Advertising & Personal Branding Agency. She is also the Co-Founder & CCO of V-Pay.

 

Thursday, 17 March 2022 15:11

The Dream is Loading

 

On Monday 21st March 2022 From 12:30 PM To 02:30 PM SSB cinema hall

Coinciding with the centenary of the discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb and the near opening of the Grand Egyptian Museum, including the traces of Egypt's successive civilizations (Pharaonic / Coptic / Islamic)

 

The Faculty of Mass Communication is pleased to invite you to attend the Intellectual processing of the short film seminar revolved around the movie "The Dream is Loading", that presented a bright picture of Egypt and won several awards in many local and international festivals. During the seminar, you will get to meet the marvelous working team behind this piece of art, Mrs. Taghreed Hussein, Head of the International Nile Channel and Director and Writer Ahmed Abdel Alim.

 

The seminar will be moderated by Dr. Yasmine Ahmed.

 

On Monday 7th March Cinema Hall – SSB Building @ 12 PM

The Faculty of Mass Communication at MSA University would like to invite all students to attend the benign seminar entitled “Narration methods in the documentary film” given by the respected media director and Egyptian Documentary Filmmaker Hanan Rady.

Wednesday, 02 February 2022 14:46

Field Trip to Wadi Group

 

On Thursday 17-2-2022 From 9am - 4pm

Students training committee ( MSA-STC) is organising a shadowing day in cooperation with Wadi Group For faculties of Engineering, Computer Science, Mass Communication, Management Sciences. Arts & Design and Languages.

 

MSA-STC provides the senior students with Job shadowing which is a type of on-the-job training that allows an interested students to follow and closely observe another employee performing the role, which make them ready to adopt the labor market

 

 

On Monday 20th of December 2021 @ 12:30 PM @ SSB - Cinema Hall OR Online via Zoom

Dear MSA Mass Communication Students (1st & 2nd year)

 

The Faculty of Mass Communication would like to invite you for the Major Declaration Orientation Day that will help you attain information regarding each major and that will help you decide which path you would like to pursue.

 

Saturday, 06 November 2021 10:47

Dramatic Vision: Media and Health

 

On 15th of November 2021 from 12:00 PM to 3:00 pm @ SSB Hall

The Faculty of Mass Communication at October for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA University) will hold a symposium entitled “Dramatic Vision: Media and Health”, on Monday 15th of November, 2021 as part of the activities prior to its seventh conference to be held from the 3rd to the 5th of December, 2021 on health media in the digital era, in the presence of “خلي بالك من زيزي” series crew and casts which is the first Arabic TV show to address ADHD.

Wednesday, 03 November 2021 13:52

Field Trip to Al Nahar Tv Channel

 

On 9th of November 2021 from 11:00 AM to 3:00 pm Field Trip to Al Nahar Tv Channel

Dear Mass Communication Students,

 

Students Training Committee (MSA-STC) is back with a field trip to Al Nahar TV channel on Tuesday, November 9th from 11:00 AM to 3:00 pm.

Monday, 13 September 2021 10:12

Faces of Egypt

 

On Monday 20th of September Starts from 12 PM at SSB Cinema Hall

The faculty of Mass communication features the varied “Faces of Egypt” in its 2nd annual media forum on 20th of September 2021. The forum is held under the auspices of Prof. Nawal El Degwi and in partnership with the minister of Youth and Sports, Tourism and Antiquities, and Planning, to celebrate the exquisite production of class 2021

 

 

On Tuesday 13th of July from 11 AM to 2 PM Online via Zoom or at G104 b

These two literary works had a combination of science, literature, and art participation. If you ever wondered how this happened? This is what you will know through attending the symposium “What is left of love between science and literature” “ما تبقي من الحب بين العلم و الادب ". In addition, you will know how MSA University was able to establish a link between the Faculties of Engineering and Mass Communication.

 

Tuesday, 30 March 2021 12:08

SPSS Data analysis advanced workshop

 

On 1st & 5th of April 2021from 5 PM to 7 PM

MSA University and the Faculty of Mass Communication would like to invite all the students and staff from all faculties to attend the workshop under the title of “SPSS Data analysis advanced workshop

 

 

From 29th March - 10 April 2021 @SSB 4th Book Fair

Under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Youth and Sports, MSA faculty of Mass Communication and the MSA Writers Association hold the 4th Book Fair under the title "Egypt, Russia ... Culture and more" in cooperation with Akhbar Al-Youm Publishing and Distribution House and the Russian Cultural Center from 29 March - 10 April 2021

Thursday, 18 February 2021 09:13

A Step Towards Artificial Intelligence

Within the framework and great concern of the Faculty of Mass Communication in regards to the safe use of digital media and AI applications in the field of media, and as a follow-up to its sixth scientific conference, which was held last November 2020 and in preparation for organizing and holding the seventh scientific conference of the faculty in November 2021, a massive celebration is here!

 

 

On 9th of February From 12 PM to 2 PM

The student's Partnership Unit for Excellence & Quality (SPE-Q) hand-in-hand with the Faculty of Mass Communication are pleased to announce the availability of an online session entitled "How to Conduct a successful Television Interview", presented by the prominent TV presenter Dalia Nassar.

 

Wednesday, 20 January 2021 12:17

Digital PR Content Training Course

 

On 23 - 26 - 30 January & 2 February 2021 From 12 pm to 3 pm Digital PR Content Training Course

MSA University and the Faculty of Mass Communication are contented to provide you with a golden opportunity to participate in a training course that is organized by the Faculty of Mass Communication.

 

This training course is “Digital Public Relations Content” and will be given by one of the prominent figures in the field of Public Relations and Marketing Asmaa Heikal- a PR specialist in Egyptian Athletic Union, a PR member at the Ministry of Youth and Sports, a former journalist at the Ministry of Youth and Sports and an apprentice at El Watan News.

Monday, 04 January 2021 12:32

Artificial Intelligence Training

 

On 24 January 2021 - {6:00 PM - 09:00 PM} Artificial Intelligence Training Online zoom sessions

Artificial Intelligence Training for the faculty of Mass Communication

Training Opportunities for students of Faculty of Mass Communication in the Artificial Intelligence Field sponsored by Huawei.

 

Monday, 07 December 2020 12:04

Youssef Al-Qaid literary symposium

 

On 14th of December @12:30 @ Cinema Hall- SSB Youssef Al-Qaid literary symposium

The Faculty of Mass Communication is pleased to invite faculty members, students from all faculties and alumni to attend and participate in the literary symposium on the entirety of the works of the great novelist and write Yousef Al-Qaid.

 

Wednesday, 02 December 2020 11:44

Digital Segmentation and Consumer Behavior

 

On 8th of December 2020 - {12:30 PM to 2:30 PM} Digital Segmentation and Consumer behavior @ G104B

Get ready and do not miss the chance to attend the “Digital Segmentation and Consumer behavior” event that will be given by the digital and product marketeer Hend El Samahy with 10+ years of experience handling customers in Egypt and the broader GCC. She is currently the Marketing team head at Kashat Egypt, a leading Nano-finance lender and fintech startup and has been certified as a “Digital Guru” from Google.

 

From 28th - 29th of November - {9:00 AM - 05:00 PM} @ SSB Safe Usage of Digital Media: Ethics and Legislations

In the light of Egypt’s 2030 developmental plan, MSA’s Faculty of Mass Communication is launching its 6th Annual conference for Transformation in Media “ACT” under the title of “Safe Usage of Digital Media: Ethics and Legislations” with a grand opening session featuring ministers and media figures within a two days program!
The conference will tackle and shed lights on various facades of the digital media, artificial intelligence and technological advancements and will also feature exquisite international participation from researchers and experts within the media field who will discuss media security, safe usage, cyber violations, etc.

 

On 2nd of November 2020 The USA Election's Scenarios and Effects symposium

The Faculty of Mass Communication at October University for Modern Sciences and Arts will hold a significant media symposium to present and discuss scenarios and potential impacts of the American elections and their latest developments. The symposium will be held on the 2nd of November, next Monday, at 12:30 pm in the SSB Student Services Building -Cinema Hall- with the presence of senior media professionals, journalists and University Professors of Political and economic sciences from Egypt and the United States of America.

 

Wednesday, 28 October 2020 14:29

Artificial Intelligence Training

 

From 7th - 15th of November 2020 Artificial Intelligence Training

Artificial Intelligence Training from the Faculty of Mass Communication

 

Sponsored and certified by Huawei, an Artificial Intelligence training is offered for the students of the Faculty of Mass Communication.

 

Saturday, 19 September 2020 18:39

Egypt: A Youthful Look symposium

 

On 30th of Sep. 2020 Symposium

   Spurring from the MSA’s Mass communication faculty belief in the importance of bonding its students and graduates to their surrounding society, and in the need to promote students' work and enhance their positive role in shaping the future of Egypt, the faculty holds a series of discussion sessions over 4 days for the broadcasting graduation projects of Spring 2020.

 

On 5th January, 2020 @ SSB Cinema Hall {9:00 am - 3:00 pm}

 

Faculty of Mass Communication will be honored by your attendance at the graduation projects ceremony for the Broadcasting Department

Monday, 21 October 2019 11:00

Egypt you do not know

On 27th Oct. 2019 {12:00pm to 2:30pm} @ SSB

The Cultural Salon of the Faculty of Mass Communication at MSA University will host a great thinker and well-known researcher in Egyptology Prof.Waseem El-Sisi in a seminar entitled "Egypt you do not know" on Sunday, 27th of Oct 2019 from 12:00 pm to 02:30 pm at the SSB.

Monday, 07 October 2019 13:18

A B C Digital Symposium

On 14th Oct. 2019 {12:00pm to 2:00pm} @ SSB
"If your business is not on the internet then your business will be out of business" - Bill Gates The wold around us is changing rapidly social media and Digital marketing is used more frequently and the internet is expanding its horizon more and more

Thursday, 25 July 2019 13:22

Media Reformation Seminar

On 31th July 2019 in room A203 {9:30pm to 02:00pm}
The Faculty of Mass Communications at MSA University is pleased to invite all students and graduates of the Faculty to attend the seminar "Media Reformation" and participate in laying the foundation stone for the development of the vision of media education presented by Dr.Amal Gaber ,,,, Assistant Professor at the University of "Wisconsin, USA" and in the presence of the speakers:

Wednesday, 24 April 2019 09:58

Egypt My Love

On 2nd May 2019 (10am - 5pm) @ SSB (GROUND FLOOR HALL)
We, the advertising and PR graduating seniors, are In LOVE with our EGYPT, so we decided to launch a series of twelve social development campaigns to help have a gorgeous Egypt by 2020 We are having the full delight of celebrating with you our Grand Presentations Event on Thursday MAY 2nd , 2019 Under the Supervision of Dr. Lamees El Baghdady & Ms. Mariam Selim

Thursday, 22 November 2018 13:07

How to be a radio star session

On 29th November 2018. {11:30 am - 02:30 pm @ SSB 2nd Floor}
 

The MSA Summer Training Committee - STC is welcoming all MSA students to attend a session titled : How to be a radio star.

Wednesday, 21 November 2018 12:30

4th Annual Conference For Transformation in Media

On 24th & 25th November 2018. {9:00 am 3:00 pm} @ SSB
 

The 4th Annual Conference For Transformation in Media fior the faculty of Mass Communication discussing Media & Family Bonding in the Globalization Era: Diagnosing the current situation & means of Treatment

On 19th November 2018. {10:00 am 12:30 pm}
 

Meet the Life Coach, Al Hossein Mashaly at the session entitled "The Brain Manual User for Effective Communication" On Monday Nov 19th 10:00 am - 12.30 pm. in A102. Aim and Purpose: To know more about the power of our brain and how to best utilize it for effective communication with others. ‎

Monday, 14 May 2018 10:52

Your Country Loves You

On 15th May 2018 {From 9:00 am to 3:00 pm} @SSB
 

Faculty of management sciences and mass communication are cooperating in an event for presenting the students advertising campaigns for branding the Egyptian national projects using the theme "your country loves you" to spread sense of belongingness and appreciation to the government for the investments done in the last period.

On November 25nd & 26rd, 2017 @ SSB Building [ 8:30 am to 3:00 pm] The faculty of Mass Communication at MSA University launches its 3rd Academic Conference for Transformation in Media "ACT" 2017.

Saturday, 09 September 2017 10:17

MSA Orientation Fall 2017

From 10th to 14th September 2017 Dears MSA Newcomers, MSA Orientation Fall 2017 - Time Schedule & Agenda:

Thursday, 01 September 2016 00:00

The Orientation Week 2016

From 18th at 10.00 a.m to  22th at 1.20 p.m

The orientation day will witness a huge amount of interaction with the attendees and the staff members. With more than 2000 attendees, the interaction will show the great amount of interest from the new students towards the faculty.

Monday, 10 September 2012 00:00

Annual Mass Com Graduation Projects Festival

on: 30 Sep. 2012 Faculty of Mass Communication at MSA, held its first annual Graduation Projects Festival which is witnessed by Dr Nawal El Degwi, Head of the Board of Trustees, Dr Khairy Abdel Hamid; MSA President, besides Dean of the Faculty of Mass Com. Dr Ebtessam El Gendy and Dr Kamal Abdel Aziz. A judging panel besides the faculty members who supervised these projects of Radio & TV Section, Journalism and Public Relations and Advertising also attended the Festival, in addition of public figures, Mass com experts and universities' professors. The Faculty of Mass Com will honour the graduation projects that are distinguished and add to its peripheral field.